Heart Health + Diabetes
Evidence shows that risk factors for cardiovascular disease and stroke—including obesity, hypertension, and diabetes—negatively impact cognitive health. If you have high blood pressure or diabetes, work with your doctor to develop a personalized plan for addressing them, including with nutrition, exercise, and possibly medication.
Smoking
Studies indicate that smoking increases risk of cognitive decline. Quitting smoking can reduce risk to levels comparable to those who have never smoked.
Head Trauma
Brain injuries can raise your risk of cognitive decline and dementia. Take steps to prevent falls by incorporating balance exercises into your routine, decreasing clutter, providing visual cues near obstacles, and keeping walking paths clear inside your home. Wear a seat belt, use a helmet when playing contact sports or riding a bike, and secure adequate lighting.
Regular Medical Care
Not all cognitive decline results from neurodegenerative disease or brain injury. Cognitive function can be negatively impacted by such treatable conditions as vitamin B12 deficiency, sleep apnea, thyroid problems, and even certain types of brain infections. Receiving regular medical care to treat (or rule out) these and other underlying conditions is a key part of cognitive health maintenance.
Social Engagement
Maintaining a robust social life and avoiding isolation supports brain health. Social engagement requires you to interpret verbal and visual cues and respond to them accordingly. It can also improve mood and potentially ward off depression, which can have adverse effects on cognition.
Find ways to stay social in your community through volunteering at a local hospital or charitable group. Schedule regular get-togethers with friends and family or join a social organization.